NIAID supports research to understand, diagnose, and treat many of the world’s most intractable and widespread diseases. Explore NIAID research through the diseases and conditions as well as the cross-cutting disciplines and approaches below.
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Infectious Diseases
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria. It is spread through the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, speaks or sings, and people nearby breathe in these bacteria and become infected.
Urethritis
Urethritis refers to infection and inflammation of the urethra. Urethritis is a condition that can result from infection with common STI pathogens including N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis.
Vaccines
Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce immune responses that protect against infection. Vaccines provide a safe, cost-effective and efficient means of preventing illness, disability and death from infectious diseases.
Vector Biology
Arthropod vectors, including insects and ticks, can transmit infectious disease pathogens among humans or between animals and humans. NIAID conducts and supports a comprehensive vector biology research program to advance science and identify approaches that will help control or prevent the transmission of vector-borne pathogens to humans.
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the flavivirus family, which includes other mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue and Zika. WNV emerged for the first time in the Western Hemisphere in New York City in 1999 and has since spread across the United States. It is now the most common arthropod-borne virus found in the U.S.
Women's Health
Women face unique health problems related to many NIAID mission areas—specifically, HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, and autoimmune disorders. Many infectious and autoimmune diseases affect female populations disproportionately.
Zika Virus
Zika virus is most typically transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Less commonly, Zika virus can be spread from person to person through sexual intercourse. Most people who become infected do not become sick; but about 1 in 5 people may develop such symptoms as fever, rash, and conjunctivitis. People who become infected while pregnant may transmit the virus to the fetus, which can result in very serious birth defects, including microcephaly.
